The Universal Commercial Code, Banks, and Fraudulent Activity

What happens when a bank accepts a check with a forged endorsement? Who suffers the loss? Who is liable? Where can these answers be found? Check fraud law is governed by Articles 3 and 4 of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC). The National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and the American Law Institute created the Uniform Commercial Code in a joint effort. It took over ten years to originally draft the UCC, and a further fourteen years for the UCC to be implemented across the country. The creation of the UCC began in 1940 in an effort to attack major commercial problems with comprehensive legal solutions The UCC allows commercial organizations to do business across jurisdictional boundaries with confidence because these†¦show more content†¦It seems that the company does not think it feasible to try to recovery their loses from employee, Lisa Leslie, and therefore goes after the bank for allowing her to steal from them. Is the bank at fault? Does the bank have an obligation to their customers to protect them from fraudulent activity? In short, yes. Customers trust banks to do just that. In this case, the bank did what it was supposed to do. The court held that a corporate resolution given to the bank and a signature card gave the officer authority to endorse checks for deposit to the account, and to draft checks from the account, so the bank was not liable for conversion. These documents were unambiguous. The resolution and signature card clearly let the officer act for the company regarding the account, including withdrawing money and endorsing checks for deposit. The fact that she was not specifically designated as an officer in the resolution was irrelevant. Her acts did not violate the authority the resolution gave her, and whether she violated company policy related to her abuse of authority, not a lack of authority. The bank was not liable for such abuse. Given her authority, nothing put the bank on notice of her illegal activity, so theShow MoreRelatedThe Means Whereby IT Managers as Purchasing Agents Participate in Fraudulent1930 Words   |  8 PagesPurch asing Agents Participate in Fraudulent Activities †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦..†¦...5 Recommendations For Measures or Actions That Chief Information Officers (CIOs) or Chief Technology Officers (CTOs) Might Mandate to Reduce Fraud and Other Unethical Practices While Protecting the Reputation of the Organization and the Infrastructures of Computer Systems †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.7 How These Measures Would be Useful and Reduce the Amount of Fraudulent Activities..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreReport on Corporate Frauds in Bangladesh5564 Words   |  23 Pagesspite of certain exceptions not much development or research has been done regarding corporate fraud in Bangladesh. Even among the available secondary data, only a few actually highlights the poor condition of auditors in the country. Though Bangladesh bank amp; other governing bodies like SEC has been more cautious amp; have started taking necessary steps recently, they aren’t sufficient enough to better the condition. Several steps need to be taken to reduce corporate frauds amp; auditors involvementRead MoreBanking Laws and Jurisprudence Reviewer41247 Words   |  165 PagesINTIG, JOY ESTELA DE JESUS, TRACY ANN. 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They have, over a long time, been using electronic and telecommunication networks for delivering a wide range of value added productsRead MoreContracts Notes31044 Words   |  125 PagesCohen; Barton v Armstrong). It appears that today, the emphasis appears to have shifted away from the notion of coercion of the will of the plaintiff to the lack of legitimacy in the pressure or compulsion (Crescendo Management Pty Ltd v Westpac Bank Corporation). 2. Types of Duress There are three types of duress – threats to the person, threats to personal property and economic duress. a) Threats to person: The traditional common law concept of duress was limited to actual or threatenedRead MoreEssay on LAW4198 Australian Commercial Law27758 Words   |  112 Pagesï » ¿LAW4198 Australian Commercial Law Exam Notes Formation of contracts 1. Agreement Offer Offeror/promisor = person making the offer. Offeree/promisee = person to whom the offer is made. Characteristics of an offer Offer: Proposal; Invites acceptance; With a willingness to enter into a contract upon acceptance. An offeror will have made an offer where it appears to a reasonable person in the position of the offeree that an offer was intended. Subjective intentions are irrelevant. Examples

Racial Impact Statements Considering The Consequences Of...

In Jessica Erickson’s article I reviewed titled, Racial Impact Statements: Considering the Consequences of Racial Disproportionalities in the Criminal Justice System, the article addresses how the American Criminal justice system has been suffering from the dramatic increase in mass incarceration and the uneven rates of racial disproportionalities and disparities. These disproportionate impacts with minorities within the criminal justice system are all impacted from neutral laws, policies and practices. Statements made with racial impact provide potential methods of addressing these disproportionalities. There are different measures that have been taken with the new criminal justice laws and policies that may affect minorities, they provide certain information to legislatures before they go on with deciding whether to enact the law. Out of fifty states, there are only four states that actually conduct racial impact statements while the rest are still continuing to consider adopting their own ways to conduct racial impact statements. More than half of the United States prison population is made up of African Americans and Latinos, this is nearly twice as their accumulated representation within thirty percent of the general population. As these minorities continue to be put in jail, the rates of racial disproportionality in the criminal justice system also continue to stagger. Crime commission, arrests, convictions, and sentencing are all apart of the many stages withinShow MoreRelatedZero Tolerance Policies And School Discipline10009 Words   |  41 PagesResearch suggests that policies and practices have created a dilemma that has plagued our education system, as well as our society as a whole, that funnels millions of students from school into the juvenile justice system (Robinson, 2013). This dilemma, known as the school-to-prison pipeline is garnering much attention in Virginia due to the states continued issues in overcoming the phenomenon. This study explores zero tolerance policies and school discipline to better understand its effect in to

Narratives free essay sample

In the assigned reading this week, Fee and Stuart discussed the nature and key characteristics of the narrative genre. Throughout chapter 5, they attempt to clarify some of the common problems people experience when interpreting and applying of this genre of Scripture. From this data and the 10 principles for interpreting narratives (p. 106), summarize these issues. Please begin your original thread by concisely clarifying what narratives are; then, summarize some of the common mistakes that are made as readers engage the biblical narratives. Narratives are meaningful stories that retell past events about specific characters (Fee and Stuart, 2003). Biblical narratives are just like narratives except they are inspired by the Holy Spirit. Biblical narratives tell Gods story. Biblical narratives have three components characters, plot, and plot resolution (Fee and Stuart, 2003). The characters include a protagonist, which is the main person in the story (Fee and Stuart, 2003). An antagonist which is the person that causes the conflict and lastly, agonist which role is to support the main characters in the story. We will write a custom essay sample on Narratives or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A narrative main function is to retell a story using specific characters. When interpreting narratives it is easy to make common mistakes associated with interpreting narratives. Although, there are many errors people make when interpreting narratives, I will only list three, which are moralizing, personalizing, and lastly misappropriation. The first, error is moralizing. Moralizing assumes that moral teachings or principles for living can be taught from all scripture (Fee and Stuart, 2003). The second, error is personalizing. Personalizing involves reading a narrative and making it pertain to you, instead of realizing that the narrative tells a story about specific characters in that story (Fee and Stuart). The third and last error is misappropriation, which means to appropriate the text for purposes that it was not intended for (Fee and Stuart, 2003). There are many principles for interpreting narratives. However, I will only list three principles. The first principle is that narratives record what happened not what could or should have happened; therefore not every narrative has a moral application or teaching (Fee and Stuart, 2003). The second principle is what people do in narratives is not always a good model for us to follow, in fact, it is usually the other way around (Fee and Stuart, 2003). The third and last principle, is that narratives are not written to answer all of our theological inquires. Narratives have certain, specific, limited purposes and deal with particular issues, allowing for others to be handled elsewhere or in different ways (Fee and Stuart, 2003). In closing, when interpreting a narrative we can make mistakes that hinder us from getting the most out of the story. Therefore these principles for interpreting narratives, when applied, will help us to get what we should out of reading narratives.

This dead butcher and his fiendlike queen,a study of the Macbeths Essay Example For Students

This dead butcher and his fiendlike queen,a study of the Macbeths Essay The Macbeths, in my opinion, are deliberately portrayed as the potential of good people to change under specific circumstances. In this situation, however, the motivation for crime is not for the good of anyone but the Macbeths themselves, it is in the name of ambition and ultimately greed. How then can their actions be justified? Personally I believe they cant, but this does not make them necessarily totally evil. Characters in the text, namely the doctor in act five scene one and Malcolm, act five scene nine, voice both aspects of this argument. The doctor seems to forgive her actions, not proclaiming her innocence, but judging her guilt as recompense for her crimes God, God Forgive us all. Look after her; We will write a custom essay on This dead butcher and his fiendlike queen,a study of the Macbeths specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Remove from her all means of annoyance Malcolm in scene nine however, gives a conflicting verdict. He convicts Macbeth as a butcher and Lady Macbeth fiend-like. Malcolm, though, is in a position of bias for three reasons; Macbeth had murdered his father; he has just committed treason, and witnessed high treason without taking judicial action; The Lords may not see his point of view, making them hesitate their support of Malcolm in his reign, or might take action against Malcolms rights as heir apparent to the throne. So whom then do we believe? The diagnosis of a doctor to a tyrant concerning his wife, or the after-death tribunal of an enemy, made by Malcolm? For my part I believe that there is some element of truth in both sides of the argument. I personally do not think Macbeth is evil until after he murders Duncan. After all, a man is not necessarily evil to have evil thoughts, and that is all he does until after the murder. In fact he decides not to kill Duncan twice, one time Lady Macbeth persuaded him otherwise, the other a hallucination of a dagger pointing towards Duncans chamber persuades him to carry out the deed. Even then at the last possible moment, he debates with himself whether or whether not to kill Duncan. Finally the ringing of the bell by Lady Macbeth concludes the argument for Macbeth, and he enters Duncans room. We do not see in the play what happens inside Duncans chamber during the murder, but we understand the implications of his entrance. Up until this point his hand is forced in his actions or, in fact, they are attained fairly by him. He achieved his promotion to Thane of Cawdor, yet he did not play most foully fort it was given to him righteously. After Duncans death, however, we see a new ruthlessness in Macbeth, he firstly kills Those of his chamber, as they had donet. Later he orders the death of his best friend Banquo and his son Fleance when he guesses Banquos suspicion of him as Duncans murderer. Even this he does evilly by persuading two men that they hate Banquo enough to  murder him themselves. The height of Macbeths evil is, however yet to be seen. Hearing of Macduffs desertion, he orders the death of not Macduff but his wife and children, who pose no threat whatsoever to Macbeth as they are on Macbeths side, not yet persuaded against his rule. At this point Macbeth is most certainly a butcher, definitively killing people needlessly and brutally i.e. he becomes a butcher not just by shedding blood, but by shedding blood in an unrighteous manner. After this event though we see, although no apparent reform in Macbeth, no occurrence of evil doings on Macbeths part, and we glimpse in act 5 what a good king Macbeth could have been in the right situation. If, for example, Macbeth had been rightful heir to the throne, Duncan need not have been murdered, and Macbeth might not have turned evil. It can also be argued, though, that Macbeth was not evil but only needed one more straw to break the camels back and become the inevitable tyrant. .ue47a256210e18f581fef61401879011b , .ue47a256210e18f581fef61401879011b .postImageUrl , .ue47a256210e18f581fef61401879011b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue47a256210e18f581fef61401879011b , .ue47a256210e18f581fef61401879011b:hover , .ue47a256210e18f581fef61401879011b:visited , .ue47a256210e18f581fef61401879011b:active { border:0!important; } .ue47a256210e18f581fef61401879011b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue47a256210e18f581fef61401879011b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue47a256210e18f581fef61401879011b:active , .ue47a256210e18f581fef61401879011b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue47a256210e18f581fef61401879011b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue47a256210e18f581fef61401879011b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue47a256210e18f581fef61401879011b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue47a256210e18f581fef61401879011b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue47a256210e18f581fef61401879011b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue47a256210e18f581fef61401879011b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue47a256210e18f581fef61401879011b .ue47a256210e18f581fef61401879011b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue47a256210e18f581fef61401879011b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Why Study History EssaySo in conclusion to the evil tendencies of Macbeth, it seems that he started off as a loyal supporter to the king, but driven by ambition and his wife, he was forced to rise higher in Scotlands hierarchy of power by evil means, leading in fact to his downfall. Whereas Macbeth seems to grow more evil throughout the play, Lady Macbeth seems to move in the other direction. She appears, in the beginning of the play, to be a conscienceless character, giving an eerie feel to her suggestions, manipulations and admonishment in her conversations with Macbeth. She seems preoccupied with the idea of trying to look like thinnocent flower but be the serpent undert and declares that all Macbeths apparent qualities are in fact flaws. She considers him too full othmilk of human kindness to murder Duncan and condemns him for it. She determines to change Macbeth in order to make him kill Duncan. The first time she tries she partially succeeds, and Macbeth intends to carry out the deed. He changes his mind, though, when he is confronted with the reality, when Duncan is in his residence. Killing, to Macbeth as with many thanes, lords and warriors who fight in wars, is not in itself immoral, but murder of a person in his house and therefore under his sanctuary breaks all the laws of honour he has not only is Duncan his kinsman, he is also his king. Lady Macbeth again gives a cold and sinister argument, adamant that if she had sworn so as Macbeth had she would pluck my nipple from his boneless gums and dash the brains out so screw your courage to the sticking-place, And well not fail. Macbeth again is set to kill Duncan. Yet again, however, Macbeth is irresolute concerning Duncans Murder, but Lady Macbeth again sways his decision deviously, by ringing a bell, as if she cold predict  and fix these deliberations. The ringing of the bell by Lady Macbeth is a turning point for her in the play. Suddenly Macbeth shuts her out of his plans telling her to be innocent othknowledge of his plans. She now has little if any influence over Macbeth and his actions as king, highlighted by her asking if she could be received by Macbeth in act three scene two previously she would simply walk in, or possibly Macbeth would have come to her. She clasps onto her last effective power in act three, scene four, where she covers for Macbeth and his sighting of Banquos ghost, claiming nothing was wrong. After this, though, Lady Macbeth is not seen until the start of act five. We can only assume that during this time, she has thought much about recent affairs, and that this is the source of her guile, for she sleepwalks in act five scene one, indirectly confessing her sins and is evidently disturbed by a newfound conscience. She is troubled and wishes all her thoughts banished. This is symbolised by a spot presumably of blood which she repeatedly commands out damned spot and asks will these hands neer be clean?. She also believes her conscience cannot be cleared whats done cannot be undone, and the smell of blood on her hands cannot be masked by all the perfumes of Arabia. After this episode, Lady Macbeth is said to have committed suicide, it would seem due to her guilt. This shows that she is not less guilty but certainly less evil, as one would expect no remorse of crimes from an evil fiend like queen. In conclusion, Lady Macbeth appears to grow less evil as the play progresses, coinciding with the amount of influence she has over Macbeth and other related issues. This gives us an example of justice Lady Macbeth atones her crimes, and therefore goes to her grave not peacefully, she committed suicide but in a better light than Macbeth. Macbeth, however, after the banquet scene act three scene four does not seem to assume any responsibility for his actions, and no apparent guilt upon their result apart from his wifes death which does leave the memory of a man who was an evil tyrant. .uac7f9ce7489e38445b74071b1d9ff7d6 , .uac7f9ce7489e38445b74071b1d9ff7d6 .postImageUrl , .uac7f9ce7489e38445b74071b1d9ff7d6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uac7f9ce7489e38445b74071b1d9ff7d6 , .uac7f9ce7489e38445b74071b1d9ff7d6:hover , .uac7f9ce7489e38445b74071b1d9ff7d6:visited , .uac7f9ce7489e38445b74071b1d9ff7d6:active { border:0!important; } .uac7f9ce7489e38445b74071b1d9ff7d6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uac7f9ce7489e38445b74071b1d9ff7d6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uac7f9ce7489e38445b74071b1d9ff7d6:active , .uac7f9ce7489e38445b74071b1d9ff7d6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uac7f9ce7489e38445b74071b1d9ff7d6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uac7f9ce7489e38445b74071b1d9ff7d6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uac7f9ce7489e38445b74071b1d9ff7d6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uac7f9ce7489e38445b74071b1d9ff7d6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uac7f9ce7489e38445b74071b1d9ff7d6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uac7f9ce7489e38445b74071b1d9ff7d6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uac7f9ce7489e38445b74071b1d9ff7d6 .uac7f9ce7489e38445b74071b1d9ff7d6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uac7f9ce7489e38445b74071b1d9ff7d6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A View from the Bridge - literature essay exampleTherefore I believe the Macbeths are not totally evil, and that they change throughout the text. Malcolms statement at the end This dead butcher and his fiend-like queen, is partially correct, but quite literally only tells half the story. Macbeth does show himself to be a butcher, when he kills not Duncan there is a reason for his death, however unjust it may be but when he murders, Duncans guards, and has Banquo, and Macduffs wife and children murdered. Lady Macbeth shows she is a fiend when she convinces Macbeth against his will to murder Duncan, commencing Macbeths descent to evil. Other aspects, though, are not evil in the Macbeths. Macbeth is shown at  the end of the text to be a great leader, and Lady Macbeth shown to be guilty for her crimes. So what, in fact is the answer to the question Are the Macbeths totally evil?. Personally I believe that it is a matter of ones own opinion to what level the Macbeths evil extends. I think, however, that most would agree that though they certainly show streaks of evil, huge qualities of leadership are shown in Macbeth in the events preceding the play, and towards the end, but circumstances were not kind. Lady Macbeth also shows merits such as argument and persuasion, which can certainly be regarded as qualities then and indeed now. So even though the Macbeths may be primarily evil, they are shown to have better elements therefore ruling out the possibility of total evil.

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The Importance of Education during Early Childhood

The Importance of Education during Early Childhood Introduction In pre-school children life, parents play an integral role in influencing children’s learning experiences and knowledge grasps. This arises from interactive segments among parents and children. For this reason, many parents opt to participate in mothers and toddlers groups, childcare arrangements, babysitting activities, and other events that increase interactive sessions between toddlers and parents.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Education during Early Childhood specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such programs harbor potential positive impacts child development through provision of high quality, individualized, social reactions, and catalyzing experiences that improves children learning capabilities. Conversely, poor parenting, inadequate interactive parent-children structures, and minimal supervision of toddlers negatively affect development of children. Such negativities hold deleterious bearing on children’s abilities to grasp information, leading to lackluster performance in class work. Definition of key words Child development refers to the physical, social, intellectual, and emotional growth in young people as they interact with peers, parents, teachers, and the society. Development in children makes them more independent of parental guidance. Knowledge passage, on the other hand, denotes the transfer of familiarity and mastery of concepts about something in the society. It takes place in children through peer competition, parental education, and teachers’ guidance. Pre-school years represent stages in life when children start developing before achieving the school going age. Most scholars put ages 1 to 4 years as the pre-school years (Sheridan, Sharma, Cockerill, 2008). Factors influencing early childhood learning and development Early childhood development derives direction from several factors. Hereditary factors such as temperament , gender, and health conditions, which arise from within the children, play an integral role in children growth, development, and relationship with others. It is such relationships that define educational and development capabilities among toddlers. Similarly, family structures and cultures have a bearing on child development. Family relationships, parenting styles, cultural and social values, economic capabilities, parents, education levels, siblings’ behaviors, parents’ occupation, physical health, and mental health influence early childhood development.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Community and social structure influence children development. Integration of children’s interactions within community services such as support for parenting, housing qualities, community safety and security, unemployment, social crimes, and general feeling of trust amon g the residents influence children growth and development. These coupled with different cultures, parenting styles, beliefs, values, and different perspectives of children influence development and early childhood development. Understanding these facets puts early childhood development into perspective, thus improving chances of successful development. Importance of early childhood education Social development Early childhood education creates a link in children’s’ cognitive, psychological, and physical processes within the confines of care and support services from the surroundings. Families, communities, and nations need to invest funds in structures that improve such links to ensure successful child development and growth. Similarly, inadequacies in cognitive skills among pre-school toddlers compromise such toddler’s abilities and motivation to learn upon entry into schools (Mouw Weyrick, 2008). Insufficient preparation for school harbor costly ineffectivene ss in the education systems given that these children hold high probability of poor academic performance, repeating grades, and increase chances of school drop outs before basic education cycle. Therefore, early childhood preparation and development creates a foundation for successful educational future among the children (Bullough, 2001). Early childhood education comes with significant positive impacts across the world. Research shows that continuous evaluations of high-quality child development programs hold adequate long-term impacts on educational attainment, reduced levels of poverty, reduced participation in crime, increased social uprightness, and reduced social ills among children in future. In the US, for example, High/Scope Perry Pre-School Program presents seventy percent success stories (Heckman, 2010a). These success stories get attribution from impacts of cognitive development, grade progression, college participation, and improved behavioral structures.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Education during Early Childhood specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Educational foundations Child development requires more than classrooms and centers for learning. Recent research shows that the set of cognitive and non-cognitive skills and knowledge children acquire at pre-school remain much relevant in their longer lifetime outcomes (Miquela, 2008). High-quality pre-school programs with adequate space and good supervision of children games to ensure safety, quality books, puzzles, and blocks for motor skill development play integral roles in children development and growth. These act as bases for educational success. Similarly, affectionate and respectful caregivers, routines with individual and group engagements, and regular engagements with parents help in improving children association with society members, hence refining their social skills for future benefits (Heckman, 201 0b). Arts and Cultural appreciation Pre-school arts and cultural activities strengthen parent-child bonds. This in turn helps engage families in their children’s knowledge acquisition through provision of positive goal for common experience and communication. Family reading, singing, role playing, traditional tale sharing, and story-telling offer the best avenue for arts and cultural experience sharing vital for toddler development (Nomaguchi Brown, 2011). Similarly, artistic design development, memory sharing via photographs, and short family video clips help pre-school children understand their family setting, background, and previous experiences, thus influencing their bearing and perspective on family social structures and cultures. All these programs help in nurturing children to learn and appreciate existing arts and cultural structures within their family settings hence encouraging positive cultural upbringing (Bolen, 1989). Quality art and cultural experiences in ear ly childhood assist children in developing subsequent artistic abilities necessary for future survival. Bolen denotes that arts exhibitions and cultural show experiences at museums, galleries, theaters, and libraries presents many parents with ideas, confidence, and resources necessary for children games, hence providing an avenue for defining children hobbies’ and talents at an early stage (1989).Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Early childhood education in arts and cultural activities aid in developing intrinsic human qualities in children. Identification of flows and hiccups in such qualities at an early stage remains necessary for improvement of child growth and development. Pre-school engagement in such facets helps help children learn preservation of their cultural and arts heritage as well as helping them develop languages that shape their individual, community and global identity. Similarly, pre-school experiences help children develop confidence, self-esteem, and positive behavioral characteristics (Bolen, 1989). Language development Children learn from interactive segments. For pre-school youngsters, making art and sharing experiences help in word caption, pronunciation skills, and communication skills development. An example of simple learning skills arises when children playing together with parents crumble up papers into a round stuff and names it a â€Å"ball’. Children with such experi ences develop great description mastery and harbor high chances of language success as compared to their counterparts with no experience. Similarly, creative art works, paints, and shape definitions at pre-school life stages provoke children’s desire for different styles in artwork hence improving their abilities to learn more stuff (Laurie, Garrett, Buka, 2004). Visual development Most pre-school activities revolve around tangible stuff. Molding, decorations, painting, threading beads, sculpturing, and drawing represent most of the learning cultures and training programs of most pre-school programs. Such activities, as Burger (2010) puts out, help in developing visual capabilities among children. With advancement in technologies, toddlers continuously enjoy use of phones and tablets, thus improving their visual abilities before they develop language mastery skills. Visual interpretations of information help pre-school children interpret and criticize designs and art works a t an early stage of life. Such characteristics are vital in future activities both at school and in the society. Inventiveness and decision-making At pre-school learning centers, children get encouragement to express themselves and take risks in creating new arts for competition. Such supervised peer competitions create a sense of creativity and innovation among kids. Developing creativity and innovation in arts works provides a basis for creativity and innovativeness in decision-making, thus influencing positively the future of the kids. Since arts, designs, and paints encourage processes and experience of thinking and making things look better, early engagement of children in such activities presents a prerequisite for future success. Similarly, engagement with arts and designs in pre-school programs provides kids with an avenue of exploring, thinking, and experimenting new ideas, leading to increased success of idea creation (Currie, 2001). Motor skills development Art making, pa inting, drawing, and solving puzzles remain vital in growth of fine motor skills among young children. Statistics show that progressive milestones around age three such as drawing circles and learning use of safety scissors helps children advance their motor skills. Continuously and supervised use of safety scissors among the pre-school children help in developing the dexterity vital for mastery of writing skills (Payne Isaacs, 1995). Music and its benefits Pre-school learning encourages use of music. In instances where kids engage in age-appropriate music within a socially acceptable environment, a great foundation of success exists. Phonological structures, spoken language skills, and voice comprehension skills available in organized music sessions provide children with foundation for reading and language comprehension. Similarly, music helps kid develop their spatial-temporal and argument skills necessary for mastery of mathematics, science, and engineering (Levinowitz, 1999). B esides, music plays an integral role in development and management of emotional skills. These act as basic readiness strategies for full time class work since they help regulate children responses and relationship with complicated situation in many elementary schools. Similarly, emotional skills help in building social pillars that guide children relationship with their fellows and teachers at schools. Markedly, peaceful, respectful, and cordial relationships among children and teachers increase chances of success and grade progression. Equally, physical components of music such as dancing, moving, and playing instruments improve motor skills among children (Music, 2011). Improved home and school connection Parents engaging kids in early childhood learning sessions help children create a close connect between home and schools. Such kinds of engagement help parents understand many aspects about child’s daily aspects. Once such kids join schools, parents easily comprehend stuff s privy to their kids’ tribulations in school. Such a close link between home and school creates an avenue for supervision. Therefore, child development follows without compromising the child’s freedom of knowledge acquisition (Carma, Baxter, Imes, 2010). Likewise, close relations between school and home engagement help in creating a truthful bond between parents, teachers, and children, hence increasing chances of skill development and success. On the same note, close parental engagement with kids at an early stage of development provide the kids with a springboard responsible for easier movement into primary school (Curby Timothy, 2013). Conclusion Early childhood education plays an integral role in child development. Academic success with roots from the early childhood engagement, critical evaluation, and decision-making skills from art works, as well as improved curiosity for creativity form the basis for children success if properly developed at an early stage. With numerous studies showing parental engagement in educational follow-up high in elementary schools, acknowledgement of early childhood education remains necessary for future concern over children’s performance. Musical skills, language development, mathematics, and science skills together with motor skills earned in pre-school programs help children achieve their academic dreams. Complimenting these positive impacts with right teacher attitude as well as adequate parental guidance forms the greatest foundation for educational, social, and life success in children. References Bolen, L. (1989). The importance of the arts in the early childhood. Curriculum. Dimensions, 18(1), 11-14. Bullough, R. (2001). Student cohorts, school rhythms, and teacher education. Teacher Education Quarterly, 28(2), 97-110. Burger, K. (2010). How does early childhood care and education affect cognitive development? An international review of the effects of early interventions for children from diff erent social backgrounds. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 25(2), 140-165. Carma, L., Baxter, L., Imes, W. (2010). Parental rule socialization for preventive health and adolescent rule compliance. Journal of Family Relations, 59(1), 1-13. Curby, W.T. Timothy, L., L. (2013). Teachers’ emotional consistency matters for preschool children. Early Education and Development, 24(1), 292-309. Currie, J. (2001). Early childhood education programs. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15(2), 213–238. Heckman, J. J. (2010a). Analyzing social experiments as implemented a reexamination of the evidence from the HighScope Perry Preschool Program. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Heckman, J. J. (2010b). A new cost-benefit and rate of return analysis for the Perry Preschool Program a summary. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Laurie, T., Garrett M., Buka, L. (2004). Cognitive performance in childhood and early adult illness: A prospective cohort study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community, 58(8), 674-679. Levinowitz, L. M. (1999). The importance of music in early childhood. Music Educators Journal, 86(1), 17-18. Miquela, R. (2008). The importance of quality early childhood education. Education digest: Essential Readings Condensed for Quick Review, 74(3), 61-63. Mouw, M., Weyrick, L. (2008). A Community plans for the health of its children. The American Journal of Nursing, 48(12), 776-779. Music, G. (2011). Nurturing natures: attachment and childrens emotional, sociocultural, and brain development. Hove, East Sussex: Psychology Press. Nomaguchi, M., Brown, S. (2011). Parental strains and rewards among mothers: The Role of Education. Journal of Marriage and Family, 73(3), 621-636. Payne, V. G., Isaacs, L. D. (1995). Human motor development: a lifespan approach (3rd ed.). Mountain View, California: Mayfield. Sheridan, M. D., Sharma, A., Cockerill, H. (2008). From birth to five years: childrens developmental progre ss (3rd ed.). London: Routledge.

SIGNS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

SIGNS - Essay Example 10). While the signifier referred to the material aspect and sound image of the sign, the signified denoted the mental concept (pp. 10-12). However, for Peirce, the sign consisted of three elements not just two. According to Peirce, the sign â€Å"has a relation to an Object, which relation entails an interpretant† (pp.21). Although Peirce linked the sign to the external world, Saussure and Peirce's accounts were rather structural and linguistic. However, their successors like Roland Barthes, Jean Baudrillard and Julia Kristeva placed the systems of signs into their contexts, made the necessary correlations between the signs and contemporary culture and incorporated the semiotics into the cultural studies. Roland Barthes scrutinized the role of signs in creating modern myths in his seminal work, Mythologies (1957). Jean Baudrillard, examined the system of signs with respect to the consumer culture. The aim of this brief is to explore how signs describe the commodity fetishism and consumer culture of the contemporary society. Roland Barthes regarded myth as semiological system. He analyzed the picture of young black guy in Paris-Match as an example of mythical system (see the appendix, Figure 1). Barthes noted that although the signifier is a man giving the French salute, the signified is Frenchness itself: What he saw in this picture is â€Å"that France is a great Empire, that all her sons, without any colour discrimination, faithfully serve under her flag, and that there is no better answer to the detractors of an alleged colonialism than the zeal shown by this Negro in serving his so-called oppressors.† (pp. 115). Barthes' analysis highlights the mythical and also the ideological system that sings are produced. Indeed, for Barthes, myths are the ideological systems.For Barthes, myth reflects the dominant values of the ruling classes. He (1977, pp. 165) defined myth as the socially determined reflection, â€Å"however, in accordance with a famo us image used by Marx, is inverted: myth consists in overturning culture into nature or, at least, the social, the cultural, the deological, the historical into the 'natural'†. . Advertising is the medium of the contemporary society's myths. As Baudrillard (1996, pp. 10) stated in The System of Objects â€Å"Advertising†¦ is pure connotation’ and connotation is the domain of myth. Advertising adds mystical qualities to the objects and produces signs as commodities to be consumed. In fact, Baudrillard (1996, pp. 218) noted that â€Å"to become an object of consumption, an object must first become a sign and this conversion of objects to the signs â€Å"implies the simultaneous transformation of the human relationship into a relationship of consumption†. Baudrillard's views echo the Marxist notion of commodity fetishism, in which human relations took the form of relationship between things. Indeed, advertising is often full with the fetish objects. Baudrilla rd (pp. 203) stresses that the notion of idealized consumption is base on the substitution of human relationships by â€Å"personalized† relationships to objects and the personality of the subject and the so-called â€Å"personality† of the object merge in the buying process. Here, Baudrillard (pp. 219) find the logic of commodity as analyzed by Karl Marx: â€Å"just as needs, feelings, culture, knowledge —in short, all the properly human faculties—

Family Problems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Family Problems - Essay Example Adrian and Brenda meet the age threshold of sixteen years and above and their marriage would, therefore, be deemed legal if the group leader of the ‘People of Jesus’ leader was deemed authorized to conduct the religious marriage ceremony and the garage was a registered religious building. Having met all the criteria for a valid marriage, a question arises as to the financial responsibility and child maintenance in case of a divorce. Soon after the birth of the twins implying about nine months, the relationship between Brenda and Adrian has broken down and now she is seeking a divorce from him. Brenda should have in mind that the petition for divorce can only be lodged after the lapse of one year and the relationship has permanently broken down and the marriage must have been recognized in the United Kingdom in the first place. She can do that through filing a petition for divorce with reasons for the divorce, apply for a decree nisi if Adrian agrees to the petition or ap ply for a decree absolute which will legally end the marriage.

( KEVs ) Key Environmental Variables of a medium enterprise in a given Essay

( KEVs ) Key Environmental Variables of a medium enterprise in a given industry - Essay Example In that sense, Danone aims at providing natural high quality food to the global market that would assist in building health through all stages of life. As a result, this would cultivate a taste of things that are good for the customers. Danone Groups also has been able to provide products that are adaptable to all the other cultures. This internationalization strategy has been made possible through scientific research. The firm has been able to curve out a big market share globally by embracing various technologies that have enabled the customers to shop for food products through tablet computers and smartphones, as well as other mobile devices. Moreover, the firm has also incorporated traditional sales channels that include telephone, physical stores, and catalogues (Danone, 2013). With regard to the environmental responsibility, the firm is looking for raw materials that are cheaper outside their own market, in addition to being eco-friendly. This means that the firm guarantees the quality, safety, and traceability of the raw materials. Moreover, the firm has come up with policies that would help track and improve working conditions and environmental effects of farming (Danone, 2013). As part of its globalization strategy, the business entity has ensured long-term protection and renewal of water reserves being operated by the group. According to Danone (2012), the Group is also trying to expand its operations globally by having a constant consultation process with various stakeholders at both national and international levels. The consultation initiatives comprises of the government representatives in the country of operation, manufacturers, the civil society, and the environmental bodies, particularly where the aim is to provide clear information for the consumers or responsible behavior in the field of environment

Natural vs Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Polymer

Natural vs Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Polymer Concrete technology as a branch discipline of technology requires increase in the degree of specialization and consolidation of the fiber material in the cement matrix form composite materials. It requires knowledge of the concepts related to the interaction between the fiber and adhesive cement, mortar or matrix concrete that influence the production and nature of the product. The scientists and engineers have been actively exploring to find the materials that will be used as replacement of conventional materials that can provide a feature best new design and innovation to enhance the material. The development of fiber technology is in the line with the development of knowledge of the material. Following the high demand and innovation in applying fiber, the fiber technology has produced various kinds of fibers potential for commercialization. Participation fiber reinforcement in concrete, mortar and cement adhesive work to improve the engineering properties of many based materials such as fracture resistance, bending strength and resistance to fatigue, impact, thermal shock or chipping. Consolidation of materials in the form of cement mortar or concrete has become an attraction as a building material because it is inexpensive, has the resilience and has a compressive strength and stiffness sufficient for restructuring. However, the disadvantages are located on fragile nature, tensile strength and impact of the weak as well as receptive to moisture movement. Hence, reinforced by fibers that have enhanced capabilities offer a suitable alternative, practical and economical to overcome the lack of features of conventional concrete or mortar. Elements of a fiber is a continuous filament in the form of an express term sheet or spreadsheet form. Fibers can generally be categorized into three types : synthetic fibers, natural fibers and mineral fibers. Synthetic fibers are man-made fibers. It is based chemicals such as petrochemicals and synthetic fibers derived mostly from nylon, polyster, aerylic polymer and polyacrylonitrile fibers used to make fiberglass. There is also a bundle of fibers that make the polymer chain is as strong as aramid and chain bond length as dyneema. While natural fiber derived from natural sources, from plants and animals. Plant fibers are cellulose and lignin-based stacks such as cotton, jute, coir, oil palm bunches, flax and so on. It can be obtained from seeds (cotton, kapok), leaf (pineapple, banana), leather plant (jute, kenaf, rattan, hemp), fruit (coconut, palm) and straw (rice, wheat, barley, grass). Next, animal fibers derived from protein particles like silk and wool. For mineral fibers, it derived from the earths crust and it happens naturally. It is based on asbestos fibers (chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, tremolite, actinolite, anthophyllite), ceramic fibers (glass wool, quartz, aluminum oxide, silicon carbide) and fiber-metal (steel, aluminum). However, both of natural and synthetic fiber reinforced concrete have their own challenges and weakness. Nothing is being done without deficiencies. Synthetic fiber however has more challenges than natural fiber because of its production. Future development of natural and synthetic fiber reinforced polymer concrete will make us want to investigate more about them. OBJECTIVES To know about polymer concrete and why fiber being reinforced in it. To describe the characteristics of natural and synthetic fiber reinforced polymer concrete. To describe the challenges in environment while using both composite materials in construction. To describe the future development in both composite materials. LITERATURE REVIEW POLYMER CONCRETE AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS Polymer concrete is a composite material in which the binder consists entirely of a synthetic organic polymer. It is variously known as synthetic resin concrete, simply resin concrete or plastic resin concrete. Because the use of a polymer instead of Portland cement represents a substantial increase in cost, polymers should be used only in applications in which the higher cost can be justified by superior properties, low labor cost or low energy requirements during processing and handling. It is therefore important that architects and engineers have some knowledge of the capabilities and limitations of polymer concrete materials in order to select the most appropriate and economic product for a specific application. Polymer concrete consists of a mineral filler such as an aggregate and a polymer binder which may be a thermoplastic, but more frequently, it is a thermosetting polymer. When sand is used as a filler, the composite is referred to as a polymer mortar. Other fillers include chalk, gravel, limestone, crushed stone, condensed silica fume (silica flour, silica dust), quartz, clay, granite, expanded glass, and metallic fillers. Generally, any dry, non-absorbent, solid material can be used as a filler. To produce polymer concrete, a monomer or a pre-polymer which mean a product resulting from the partial polymerization of a monomer, a hardener (cross-linking agent) and a catalyst are mixed with the filler. Other ingredients added to the mix include plasticizers and fire retardants. Sometimes, silane coupling agents are used to increase the bond strength between the polymer matrix and the filler. To achieve the full potential of polymer concrete products for certain applications, various fiber reinforcements are used. These include glass fiber, glass fiber-based mats, fabrics and metal fiber. Setting times and times for development of maximum strength can be readily varied from a few minutes to several hours by adjusting the temperature and the catalyst system. The amount of polymer binder used is generally small and is usually determined by the size of the filler. Normally the polymer content will range from 5 to 15 percent of the total weight, but if the filler is fine, up to 30 p ercent may be required. Polymer concrete composites have generally good resistance to attack by chemicals and other corrosive agents, good resistance to abrasion, have very low water sorption properties and good marked freeze-thaw stability. Also, the greater strength of polymer concrete in comparison to that of Portland cement concrete permits the use of up to 50 percent less material. This puts polymer concrete on a competitive basis with cement concrete in certain special applications. The chemical resistance and physical properties are generally determined by the nature of the polymer binder to a greater extent than by the type and the amount of filler. In turn, the properties of the matrix polymer are highly dependent on time and the temperature to which it is exposed. The viscoelastic properties of the polymer binder give rise to high creep values. This is a factor in the restricted use of polymer concrete in structural applications. Its deformation response is highly variable depending on formulation ; the elastic moduli may range from 20 to about 50 GPa, the tensile failure strain being usually 1 percent. Shrinkage strains vary with the polymer used. For example, high for polyester and low for epoxy-based binder. It must be taken into account in an application. A wide variety of monomers and pre-polymers are used to produce polymer concrete. The polymers most frequently used are based on four types of monomers or pre-polymer systems : methyl methacrylate (MMA), polyester pre-polymer-styrene, epoxide pre-polymer hardener (cross-linking monomer) and furfuryl alcohol. Table 1 : General Characteristics And Applications of Polymer Concrete Products Poly (methylmethacrylate) General Characteristics Low tendency to absorb water. As a result, high freeze-thaw resistance ; low rate of shrinkage during and after setting. Outdoor durability and good chemical resistance. Typical Applications Used in the manufacture of faà §ade plates, stair units and sanitary products for curbstones. Polyester General Characteristics Good adhesion to other materials, relatively strong, good chemical and freeze-thaw resistance but have high-setting and post-setting. Typical Applications Because of lower cost, widely used in panels for public and commercial pipes, buildings, floor tiles, stairs, various precast and cast-in applications in construction works. Epoxy General Characteristics Strong adhesion to most building materials, low shrinkage, good creep and fatigue resistance, superior chemical resistance and low water sorption. Typical Applications Epoxy polymer products are relatively costly. They are mainly used in special applications including use in mortar for industrial flooring, skid-resistant overlays in highways, epoxy plaster for exterior walls and resurfacing of deteriorated structures. Furan-based polymer General Characteristics Composite materials with high resistance to chemicals which most acidic or basic aqueous media, strong resistance to polar organic liquids such as ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated compounds. Typical Applications Furan polymer mortars and grouts are used for brick such as carbon brick and red shale brick, floors and linings that are resistant to chemicals, elevated temperatures and thermal shocks. Source : Blaga, A. and Beaudoin, J.J., (1985). Polymer Concrete. Canadian Building Digest published November 1985. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FIBER AND TOUGHNESS CONCEPT Characteristics of fiber in use to hardened concrete : Fibers should be significantly stiffer than the matrix which has a higher modulus of elasticity than the matrix. Fiber content by volume must be adequate. There must be a good fiber-matrix bond. Fiber length must be sufficient. Fibers must have a high aspect ratio. Means that they must be long relative to their diameter. Toughness is defined as the area under a load-deflection (or stress-strain) curve. Adding fibers to concrete greatly increases the toughness of the material. That is, fiber-reinforced concrete is able to sustain load at deflections or strains much greater than those at which cracking first appears in the matrix. NATURAL FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER CONCRETE AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS Potential use of natural fiber reinforced concrete in the application of natural fibers has long attracted the attention of researchers. Various researches has been conducted in many countries for a variety of mechanical properties, physical performance and durability of materials reinforced by natural fibers. Natural fibers are categorized as organic waste from plants such as fiber coconut, sisal, bagasse, jute, wood dust and so on. Natural fiber reinforced concrete is essentially a special concrete where it contains fibers with a small diameter, independently and randomly distributed in the cement matrix. Uniform distribution in the cement matrix, contributing to an increase in the tensile and resistance to cracking, impact and improved the ductility values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹for the good aspects of energy absorption. Although many types of fibers were used as reinforce material in concrete, the use of natural fibers had long been in existence and there is a lot of evidence of the usage of these fibers in the history of civilization. Nature has given human the fiber reinforced material in the form of wood, bamboo and other plants. The use of straw in mud bricks and horse hair in the mortar has the potential of natural fibers. Only in the late 1960s and early 1970s, research began to study the potential use of various types of natural fibers as reinforcement material in the slab concrete and cement-based composite materials. Natural fiber reinforced cement or concrete products that use fibers such as coir, sisal, sugar bagasse, bamboo and so on have been produced and tested in more than 40 countries. For economic reasons in developing countries where natural fibers is so much available, it is demanding for construction industry players to enhance the usefulness of these resources in an effective and economical as to introduce composite materials for residential use and others. Basic needs use of natural fibers as reinforcement material in concrete matrix is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹tensile strength and high elastic modulus, the bond between the matrix and fiber, good chemical composition, stable geometry and good durability. SYNTHETIC FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER CONCRETE AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS Synthetic fibers are man-made fibers resulting from research and development in the petrochemical and textile industries. There are two different physical fiber forms: monofilament fibers, and fibers produced from fibrillated tape. Currently there are two different synthetic fiber volumes used in application, namely low-volume percentage (0.1 to 0.3% by volume) and high-volume percentage (0.4 to 0.8% by volume). Most synthetic fiber applications are at the 0.1% by volume level. At this level, the strength of the concrete is considered unaffected and crack control characteristics are sought. Fiber types that have been tried in concrete matrices include : acrylic, aramid, carbon, nylon, polyester, polyethylene and polypropylene. The characteristics is depend on the types of synthetics used to reinforced with polymer concrete. Different fiber has different properties. Adding carbon fiber decreased the unit weight of polymer concrete. Carbon fiber provides much higher compressive strength, flexure strength and ductility of polymer concrete. PVC and polypropylene fibers did not significantly influence the compressive strength and gave the lowest pulse velocities and modulus. NATURAL VS SYNTHETIC FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER CONCRETE : CHALLENGES The challenges of polymer concrete are the monomers of polymer can be volatile, combustible and toxic. Initiators, which are used as catalysts, are combustible and harmful to human skin. The promoters and accelerators are also dangerous. Natural fibers are emerging as lightweight, low cost, and more environmentally rather than synthetic fibers in composites. This is because : natural fiber production has lower environmental impacts compared to synthetic fiber production. natural fiber composites have higher fiber content for equivalent performance, reducing more polluting base polymer content. the light-weight natural fiber composites improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions in the use phase of the component, especially in auto applications. end of life incineration of natural fibers results in recovered energy and carbon credits. A compound reinforced with natural fibers is not only low density, low-cost, and abrasion resistant, it also offers an absence of toxicity and better dimensional stability. Polyester raw material releases high amounts of carbon dioxide. This rapidly increases global warming, which is why polyester and other synthetic fabrics are widely discouraged. The other reason is that some synthetic fabrics come from non-renewable resources such as oil. Eventually rise of these synthetic fibers usage have been causing environmental problems such as dumping and recycling. In addition, glass fiber can cause acute irritation of the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Mainly concerns have been raised for long term disease such as cancer and lung scarring. Moreover, when released, glass fiber does not decompose and hence again it results in environmental pollutions, as well as, threaten animal life and nature along. Therefore, one of the solutions is using natural fibers instead of synthetic fibers in developing composites materials as they are renewable. Also the consumption of renewable resources would provide positive image for sustainability of green environment. Natural fibers are less harmful to the environment and the society because they are derived from plants and animals which are more eco-friendly. Products which manufactured from natural fabric eventually dissolves into the earth. Plant and animal based fabrics are a part of the evolutionary process of life. They return to the earth to return once more to life. Synthetic fibers are more harmful to the environment because they are enhanced with chemicals. Polyester and nylon fabrics are made from a substance which creates nitrous oxide. Materials that are labeled petrochemical, flame retardants, nylon, acetate and non-wrinkle are all chemically treated. Chemicals which used for the manufacture of synthetic fabrics is harmful and can enter into the water supply and cause health problems. Also workers who are continuously exposed to dangerous chemicals are at risk for developing auto-immune diseases and disease of the lung. Products made from petrochemicals take years to break down, creating a constant need for landfills. Synthetic products that are disposed into the ocean are a threat to marine life. The threat to aquatic animals will eventually precipitate a food shortage. Although, synthetic fibers may offer softer fabrics and more durable materials, the long term effect on the environment far outweigh any advantages. The high cost of petrol along with global awareness of how natural fibers improve overall quality of life will help motivate manufacturers to find more innovative ways to utilize natural fibers. NATURAL VS SYNTHETIC FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER CONCRETE : FUTURE DEVELOPMENT Synthetic : Although not investigated extensively, the use of two or more fiber types in the same concrete mix is considered promising. The decision to mix two fibers may be based on the properties that they may individually provide or simply based on economics. Considerable improvement in the load deflection response was observed mixing steel with polypropylene fibers. In a more recent study, steel micro-fibers (25 microns in diameter and 3 mm long) and carbon micro-fibers (18 microns in diameter and 6 mm long) both in mono- and hybrid- forms were investigated. In the mono-form, steel fiber provided better strengthening than the carbon fiber and carbon fiber provided better toughening than the steel fiber. Interestingly, in the hybrid form (in combination), they both retained their individual capacities to strengthen and toughen. It appears possible, therefore, that by properly controlling fiber properties and combining them in appropriate proportions, one can actually tailor-make h ybrid fiber composites for specifically designed applications. Natural : Environmental awareness and depletion of the petroleum resources are among vital factors that motivate a number of researchers to explore the potential of reusing natural fiber as an alternative composite material in industries such as packaging, automotive and building constructions. However, their applications are still limited due to several factors like moisture absorption, poor wettability and large scattering in mechanical properties. Among the main challenges on natural fibers reinforced matrices composite is their inclination to entangle and form fibers agglomerates during processing due to fiber-fiber interaction. So, the research on natural fiber is being done by mercerization treatment on mechanical properties enhancement of natural fiber reinforced composite or so-called bio composite. It specifically discussed on mercerization parameters, and natural fiber reinforced composite mechanical properties enhancement. It was found that the most parameters used in merc erization treatment were alkali concentration, fiber soaking temperature and fiber soaking duration. Although similar types of reinforced fiber are used, it could give different values in its final composite mechanical properties due to different parameter setting during a mercerization treatment process. Therefore, there is a significant need to conduct further work focusing on main effect and interaction effect of mercerization parameters setting toward enhancement of natural fiber reinforce composite mechanical properties. CONCLUSION In conclusion, natural fiber reinforced polymer concrete has more environmentally characteristics than the synthetic one. But, in the context of advantages, synthetic fiber reinforced polymer concrete has more than natural. Both of them have their own advantages and disadvantages. Because of several characteristics of natural fibers such as moisture absorption, poor wettability and large scattering in mechanical properties, thus it makes reinforcement with polymer concrete a bit less advantageous. Future works will be needed to improve the properties of both natural and synthetic fiber reinforced polymer concrete included with environment impacts.

ANd People all Around :: essays research papers

And People All Around   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Overall, I feel the play was a success. The actors did a wonderful job portraying their characters and brought a true story to life. The lighting was adequate, the set was slim, sound was contributed, and the acting was outstanding. Each scene brought flavor to the play and future understanding of what was to come. Love, violence, suspense, and drama filled each scene and kept me interested throughout the entire play.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout this play their were many times when the lights would dim to change the scenes, but not a spectacular light show or anything. After each climax in the scene you would see the lights go out and another scene start. I don’t think lights played an important role in this play, but they did set the spaces from each point the play. After each scene the lights would go out and the actors would race off stage only to come back and start another scene. The only lighting effects that took place were during the scenes when the choir would start singing. One example is when Don was beat up by the deputy after questioning. Afterwards, the lights dimmed and you could hear a beautiful voice that started singing a sad song.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In my opinion the set and the special effects were rather bleak. There was only a stage with a high rise and steps as well as a box and a bench for props. There was a phone however that was used for a few scenes. The colors of all of the props as well as the stage were a dark grayish color. In reference, I did wonder if that was purposely done for the nature of this play or if it was coincidence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The costumes seemed to be rather normal and nothing exquisite. Since the story line took place in a small southern town in Mississippi, most of everyone wore slacks, collard shirt, and boots. The girls in the play had on dresses with the exception of two that just wore pants. I think that the costumes could have been a little more elaborate than they were. For example, I don’t think that once I saw a cowboy hat being worn by the men. The sheriff had his boots on and everything with the little shiny badge and a gun, but know cowboy hat. YOU GOTTA HAVE THE HAT!!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sound was not a major contributor throughout the play.

Inglourious Basterds

If you’re a fan for graphic and twisty turn war films, Inglourious Basterds just may be your movie to go to. The film has a unique â€Å"stab you in the back† feel throughout. We experience an alternative ending of World War II as the war ends in a bizarre twist compared to what actually happened. The movie uses black humor. Meaning, we sense a little humor throughout all the tense and serious scenes the characters go through. As for gore, don’t worry, we see a lot of bloody and violent scenes. The film still maintains the features that give it the war film genre so viewers looking for a war movie won’t be disappointed. The film is directed by Quentin Tarantino and features a well developed plot with an interesting cast of characters. The actors themselves are solid and do a good job keeping in character. The movie features the Basterds, a group intent on killing Nazis and only killing them. The dead are scalped while the rare survivors are allowed to escape with a Swastika carved on their foreheads. The leader of the Basterds, Lt. Aldo Raine, has a knack for carving the Swastika and believes he improves his skill after each carving he does. The Basterds receive a special mission that will allow them to assassinate several head officers of the Nazi Socialist Party, including Hitler. The film also follows the life of a Jew, Shosana, who barely escapes from being killed by the Nazis. She is fortunate to get the opportunity to get revenge on the Nazis. Several Nazi head officers, including Hitler, are coming to her cinema to watch the premiere of a Nazi film that will fuel Nazi Germany’s pride. The Basterds and Shosana have the same targets but are unaware of the other. Both are later intertwined within their own troubles and problems. Both end up in the same cinema with the same mission: to kill Hitler and his men. One problem ensues: they are not aware of each other The film is filled with various, colorful characters. First, Brad Pitt (Lt. Aldo) plays a fine leader of the Basterds with his Southern drawl and slick hair. His â€Å"no fear† attitude and witty remarks keeps a slightly less serious tone to the film. Eli Roth plays Donny Donowitz, also known as the â€Å"Bear Jew†. He puts on a quick show by beating the pulp out of Nazi heads with a baseball bat. Christoph Waltz, in my opinion, was the star of the movie despite being the villain. He plays Hans Landa the Jew Hunter and is a mastermind at finding them. Waltz shines as the film’s main villain by acting sweet and ignorant to his victims but later reveals his evil side. Also, the fact that he shows his knowledge for four different languages doesn’t hurt his brilliant side, either. Melanie Laurent (Shosana) plays her role fantastically. In the scenes after her near death experience, she puts on a fake but rather convincingly happy look, but, viewers know she is still hurting inside and her facial expressions tell us successfully. She always wears a smile, but there’s a glint of sadness in her slow movements. Hitler and Goebbels are portrayed as fools that lack leadership and intelligence. They are merely cast for humorous purposes as they are seen as silly buffoons during a meeting that discusses very important war material. The movie is supported by the right type of music. A gloomy, mellow tune fills our ears during a quiet French town scene. During introduction of certain characters, there is slightly humorous electric guitar chord that plays to maintain a metro soundtrack. Then it gets ridiculous as a tune fit for a parade fills the theater during the Nazi movie premiere massacre. The music matches the scenes perfectly at times. Whereas in times of subtle humor, the music may seem ridiculous but adds a nice humorous touch to it. Like many movies, Inglourious Basterds includes parodies and deeper meanings behind the actual storyline. The biggest part is the alternative ending to World War II in a bizarre and unimaginable way. I won’t mention the ending in order to not spoil the movie. Lt.  Aldo’s unusual interest in improving his skill in carving Swastikas on the foreheads of Nazis is oddly humorous in the twist of events he experiences. The movie also tells us a little bit of the brutality of the Nazis hunt for Jews. The Nazis were very diligent in attaining the Aryan race status they have desired by getting rid of Jews, who they see as inferior. The brutal killing of the Jew family in hiding in the first scene of the movie brings tension to the film. The movie also tells us that the war was costly and long of duration by introducing an alternate ending that ends the war sooner and with fewer casualties. Just by hearing a little about the film, we learn that the film features a group of soldiers going deep into enemy territory in order to fulfill a mission that is filled with danger in every corner. Sounds like a typical World War II movie. But, the reason why the Inglourious Basterds appeals to me is simply because it is different from the typical World War II and war movies. In most war movies, the â€Å"good† guys are portrayed as heroic and glorious people. Their goal is to defeat the enemy in order to maintain peace. However, in this film the â€Å"heroes† are rutal killers and show no mercy to their enemies, the Nazis: intent on scalping all of their victims and leaving barely any survivors. The film also mentions the use of deceit in order for the Allies to sneak through Axis officers. One humorous and different scene is when Lt. Raine attempts to sneak into the premiere with his men by pretending to be Italian. They know very little Italian and have poor accents at that. They believed they would be able to sneak past the security officer, Hans Landa, but find out Landa is, in fact, very fluent in Italian. This brings some laughs because viewers didn’t expect Landa to know so many languages (He knows English, French, and German, as well as Italian). During a scene like this, viewers expect to see the heroes to be able to sneak by. When Raine and his men are so close to blow the living life of Hitler and his officers, Landa captures them. The following scene will surprise viewers of the absurdity. From watching a little of Inglourious Basterds, I have realized that I can’t expect anything to happen because a totally aberrant event happens instead. This film goes beyond the ordinary and is a unique addition to the war film genre. Overall, the movie is different and Tarantino does a great job in portraying the war’s villains, Hitler and Goebbels as dumb idiots. The plot is filled with twists and turns and not in a cliched way. Viewers can see each other confused as to whether they should laugh or not at scenes that brings humor with a serious tone. The movie never strays away from the actual plot and Tarantino has brought upon us another great and ingenious film. The film is nowhere near â€Å"inglourious†.

Types of Tone in Writing Help to Set the Right Mood in Your Paper

Types of Tone in Writing Help to Set the Right Mood in Your Paper Nine Types of Tone in Writing The question if there a tone in writing and how to choose the right one may seem to be easy but the answers van be rather complex. Speaking in simple language, tone in writing is the way writer chooses particular words or word combinations in order to convey observations relevant to the discussed subject in a non-verbal manner. Tone helps to provide facts with a certain attitude using emotions and writer’s personal perspective. It helps to create a unique atmosphere. Usually writer uses the tone interchangeably. Types of tone in writing are different. The voice of a writer refers to their personality perspective. Writers use the tone with an aim to convey their personal attitude regarding the topic they write about. In case a writer combines the tone together with the voice, it can be considered a particular writing style; and the writer has a full right to call it his own unique style. Popular Nine Types of Tone in Writing Any attitude, emotion, or perspective can be considered a basis for a particular writing tone. If a writer is willing to come up with an adjective, it can be considered a tone. In other words, if you perceive the tone as something specific, you will be willing to use an infinite number of them. Of course it seems too complex to start creating your own types of tone. That is why writing tones have been divided into nine main types. Below you will be able to get to know about them in more detail. Joyful tome. When you choose it, you need to focus on good emotions. When you drink or eat something that you enjoy, you feel happy. When you are overwhelmed with love, you feel happy. Writers apply this writing tone In order to describe the happy feelings and create positive experience between their characters and readers. Serious tone. Writers create a certain level of suspense within their reader when they use this tone. It helps to increase readers’ focus and perceive the text with all seriousness. Humorous tone. This tone does more than just making readers laugh. Sometimes, humorous tone is use to make people contemplate about complex subjects in a safe way. Usually writers draw their readers into a particular story with the aim of engaging them with facts or points of view that seem to be important for the writer. Sad writing tone. People feel sad sometime. This feeling is inevitable for us. Most often, sad moments help to define who you are. Sad tone in writing helps readers to remain engaged with the story because of the felling of sympathy. Formal tone.It is used in academic writing in most case. Structural language as well as facts are used in this tone. Usually personal opinion is not required in format tone. Informal tone. The main objective of this tone is to remain informal. This tone can be conversational. Optimistic tone. Despite of all bad things that occur on a daily basis some people tend to think positive. The above statement can be an example of positive writing tone. Pessimistic tone. All bad things that people experience in their life do not make them think that something will change for better. This statement is a good example of pessimistic tone in writing. Horror tone. It is threatening in its very nature. It addresses all people’s fears and makes them face their scariest thoughts. Now you know everything about nine writing tones. However, it does not mean that you need to use only them. You are free to create your own tones and develop them. You cannot describe a character who is optimistic all the time because it will not look realistic. Remain flexible and use different tones in writing. You should also remember that the book, the narrative or a short story should have its general tone. If you overuse different tones in one writing, the reader may get confused and he/she will simply fail to understand what you want to explain. So, be careful with the writing tones. That is why it is crucial to get acquainted with writing tones prior you decide to start writing your story or novel. When you choose the appropriate style and tone of writing, it will be easier for you to communicate with the potential reader. You will convey everything you want with ease and the reader will feel the connection with the characters.

buy custom Hydrogen Powered Vehicles essay

buy custom Hydrogen Powered Vehicles essay Research shows that hydrogen vehicles are the vehicles that use hydrogen as the main fuel for movement power. These include hydrogen fueled space rockets, automobiles as well as other vehicles used for transportation purposes. In most cases, the power producers of such vehicles tend to convert the chemical energy of hydrogen to mechanical energy through burning hydrogen in an internal combustion engine. In addition, they can be converted through the reaction of hydrogen with oxygen in a fuel cell to move the electric motors. Most people or vehicle firms are implementing the use of hydrogen for improving transportation in order to save on the economy of hydrogen. The hydrogen powered vehicles applies hydrogen as a fuel for motive power and it has shown to be the perfect option for a fuel source basing on the fact that fossil fuels on which most people are relying on currently are going to exhaust in future. Literature Review Research shows that hydrogen fuel is an energy carrier since it does not occur naturally on earth, hence not a source of energy. Today, hydrogen fuel is made from methane as well as other fuels (Bose, 2007). Hydrogen fuel can still be produced from other sources inclusive of solar, wind, or nuclear. These sources are known to be intermittent, extremely diffuse and highly cumbersome to enhance vehicles directly. In order to develop technologies that are low in costs, high quantities and compete favorably with the traditional energy sources, there is the integration of electrolysis of water to hind hydrogen plants in place. A high number of organizations are working extremely hard to establish technologies that may effectively exhaust the potential of hydrogen energy for automobile uses. A sizeable number of vehicles are already using hydrogen in different ways. For instance, currently there is a vehicle that uses solar power through the application of a regenerative fuel cell in maint aining energy in the form of hydrogen and oxygen gas. Research shows that such vehicles have the power of converting the fuel back into the water in order to release the solar energy. The production of hydrogen vehicles and some other automobiles are increasingly developing currently by various producers. Hydrogen is gaining high popularity among the users of nature given the fact that hydrogen is free from emission. In most cases, hydrogen powered vehicles employ hydrogen as the best catalyst to establish electric energy. In such cases, reactive fuel applies hydrogen to produce electricity that is used in providing power to the vehicle. In these vehicles, the chemical energy of hydrogen is changed to mechanical energy either through combustion or electrochemical conversion in a fuel cell. According to some literature reviews, there are different types of fuel cells where some cells are common to all. These involve the anode, electrolyte and catalyst which make the composite structure of fuel cells. According to the research, component of the anode is the negative point, whereas the cathode is the positive point of cell. Electrolyte is made from the solid polymer while the catalyst in the cell is made of platinum. In most cases, every component in the hydrogen powered vehicles has its own function which it plays because it is allocated a specific task. Hydrogen is put into the anode of the cell as the first step while the oxygen is provided by the atmosphere through the cathode. In addition, the anode through the assistance of the catalyst to separate the hydrogen cells and remove electrons from it, hence makes the electrons to be passed to a different external circuit. This make sit easy to form an electric current. Therefore, through the electric current produced, th e vehicle is able to move forward. As a result the hydrogen cells devoid of electrons and the electrons that were transferred to the outside circuit are brought back in order to combine with oxygen. Depending on the reaction made by the catalyst between the two components, there is the formation of water. Moreover, there is the arrangement of cells in a certain pattern in order to enhance the energy that is needed so as to power a hydrogen vehicle. Further research shows that in most hydrogen powered vehicles, hydrogen is combusted in engines in the same way that gasoline is done in traditional gasoline internal combustion engine vehicles (Padro, 2000). This makes the engine to function in a traditional manner, although there is a small modification in fuel storage and engine body. These engines are developed in away that lead to the burn of hydrogen to provide energy, hence not producing any dangerous gases. According to the studies, each invention and discovery creates a step near to a new and advanced technology that makes the work relatively easier. Thus, various researchers are dealing and working extremely hard to make hydrogen the effective and efficient fuel of the future. The main intention of such innovations is to produce environmental friendly hydrogen powered vehiclesthat could later replace gas powered vehicles. In most cases, hydrogen is known to be a sensitive component particularly to auto ignition and backfires. The high temperatures produced by the combustion of hydrogen create an efficient engine, although may produce some nitrogen oxides, as well as water vapor. Therefore, due to the combustion properties of hydrogen vehicles, there is the possibility of hydrogen to power a traditional internal combustion engine as long as some more advanced modifications are made. This is in order to prevent flashbacks toward the usage and choosing the necessary materials for hydrogen. Researchers reveal that it is difficult for such engines to emit carbon dioxide, but instead it produces only vapour and a sizable amount of nitrogen oxides as by products of combustion. Because, hydrogen powered vehicles are enhanced by a fuel cell, such fuel based engine are mostly noiseless, do not produce pollutants, have a significant, long autonomy and a short refueling time compared to battery charging powered electric vehicles. When the vehicle is idle and may be held on jam it does not use energy and usees less gas at a significantly lower speed. Therefore, this implies that hydrogen powered vehicles are extremely economical and they provide a considerable number of green benefits. This is because even a small rise in the fuel emissions creates a tremendous difference in the entire life of the vehicle. A hydrogen powered vehicle reduces emissions by 20 to 30 percent over the most fuel efficient gas powered models (Adams, 2005). This, thus, shows the safety and effectiveness of the hydrogen powered vehicles. For instance, such vehicles have ample mileage, however, a person may save even more through the usage of the same kind of driving habits that provide th e driver better mileage. The whole country or the world turning to vehicles powered by hydrogen fuels instead of fossil fuels will automatically offer a considerable benefit both environmentally and health wise. The recent research shows that converting all vehicles in society to hydrogen fuel cell vehicles could result into improved air quality, health and climate significantly. This is because there will be the elimination of vehicle exhaust. For instance, studies show that wind and natural gas are excellent providers of the extreme potential of health benefits and, thus, could help to save a substantial number of the lives of people annually. The best benefit to the climate includes the wind which leads to the production of hydrogen through the wind electrolysis according to the current studies. The above literature reviews have made a significant contribution to this research through the provision of the necessary information required in completion of the research. For instance, through such literature reviews, there is relevant information that shows how the new technology of using hydrogen in vehicles is quite appealing to the people because of the benefits it provides. For instance, the hydrogen powered vehicles providemeans of making power extremely efficient and with less pollution. The studies also provided information concerning an electrochemical energy conversion device that is crucial in transforming the chemicals hydrogen and oxygen into water, hence, producing electricity in the process. In normal circumstances, a battery involves all its chemicals stored inside and it changes those chemicals into electricity. This implies that the battery may need a recharge or be thrown out once it dies. However, with the fuel cell, chemicals are continuously flowing into the cell and this makes it to last longer without dying. The reviews, thus, helped in building the research because through reading such literature, the research was able to be accomplished. For instance, it was revealed that hydrogen vehicles use hydrogen as the foremost source of power for movement. Strengths and Weaknesses of the Literature Review The strength of the above literature review was shown through the abundance of the information they offered throughout the research process. For instance, the research demonstrated that through the use of hydrogen in vehicles, there will be a reduced burning of increasingly limited petroleum reserves to power the vehicle. In such cases, a hydrogen internal combustion engine would be free from pollution and there will be no carbon emissions related to gasoline powered internal combustion engines. Apart from internal combustion powered vehicles, hydrogen can be employed to power vehicles through a fuel cell. This helps in separating one electron in a hydrogen element from a proton and applies the electronic to emit a stream of electricity. In addition, the literature was legitimate because it explained that fuel cells do not need fossil fuel to function, thus no pollution produced, hence making them the best option for internal combustion engine as the energy sources for the vehicles o f the twenty first century. However, the literature reviews had some weaknesses that did not provide or make the best contribution to the research. For instance, some literature sourses did not have the significant information concerning the topic of the study. Results of the Study The results show that information concerning the hydrogen powered vehicles is known and a considerable number of manufacturers are moving toward the production of such new advanced technologies. In addition, the research shows that the use of fossil fuels like petroleum and coal are the remains of the past buried beneath the earths surface many years ago. This implies that hydrogen powered vehicles have already found their way in the world. Therefore, through this research, relevant information concerning hydrogen powered vehicles is clearly explained. Discussion of the Results From the above research, the twenty first century is known to be a time of transformation because it will see the end of the widespread application of fossil fuels. The research shows that the use of fossil fuels like petroleum and coal are the remains of the past buried beneath the earths surface many years ago. This implies that hydrogen powered vehicles have already found their way in the world. This is because hydrogen is the most element that is in excess on the earth, hence hydrogen powered vehicles would make the limelight in the future (United Nations Environment Program, 2006). Although, hydrogen vehicles are not yet available in the market for use by the consumers, a good number of producers are showing of their idea cars and prototypes to get consumers interested about the coming years. Therefore, as a result of research, information concerning the hydrogen powered vehicles is known and a considerable number of manufacturers is moving toward the production of such new adva nced technologies. This is because they are affordable in terms of energy use, they are environmentally conducive and are safe. However, the main challenge for such new technologies includes the establishment of less expensive technology and a refueling infrastructure to meet the consumers needs. Therefore, the research is a confirmation of the previous studies concerning hydrogen powered vehicles where the inventions of such vehicles have been proved and most producers are working towards meeting the demands of people in all areas. Conclusion Through the study of hydrogen powered vehicles, a significant number of lessons or issues was learnt. For instance, through the research, it was revealed that hydrogen powered vehicles applies hydrogen as fuel for motive power and it has shown to be the perfect option for fuel source basing on the fact that fossil fuels on which most people are relying on currently are going to exhaust in future. A sizeable number of vehicles are already using hydrogen in different ways. For instance, currently there is a vehicle that uses solar power through the application of a regenerative fuel cell in maintaining energy in the form of hydrogen and oxygen gas. Each invention and discovery creates a step near to new and advanced technology that makes the work relatively easier. Thus, various researchers are dealing and working extremely hard to make hydrogen the effective and efficient fuel of the future. In most cases, hydrogen powered vehicles employ hydrogen as the best catalyst to establish ele ctric energy. In such cases, reactive fuel applies hydrogen to produce electricity that is used in providing power to the vehicle. In these vehicles the chemical energy of hydrogen is changed to mechanical energy either through combustion or electrochemical conversion in a fuel cell. Therefore, this implies that hydrogen powered vehicles are extremely economical and they provide a considerable number of green benefits. This is because even a small rise in the fuel emissions creates a big difference in the entire life of the vehicle. Therefore, from the above discussion, hydrogen powered vehicles are the best way to go for anyone intending to own a vehicle. This is because of the significant benefits that come with it just as discussed above. However, the study did not provide enough information concerning the negative issues of using the hydrogen powered vehicles. Therefore, future researches need to take that in mind seriously. Lack of inadequate information on the negative side of the hydrogen powered vehicles is the main weaknesses the study encountered. Nevertheless, the study showed its strength in discussion the most relevant issues concerning the topic such as the benefits and what is meant by the hydrogen powered vehicle, as well as how it works. The study could, therefore, be applied or used to create awareness among people in the society in the need to use such vehicles as a way of meeting going up to standard at present and future generations. This is because hydrogen powered vehicles promote a green environment free from pollution from vehicles. Buy custom Hydrogen Powered Vehicles essay